Jaw Treatment in Minsk

Gnathologist, Dentist-orthopedist of the first category  Kirill Klimko.
Article updated - 17 September 2023

Anatomy

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a highly specialized anatomical structure that plays a crucial role in the normal functioning of the jaw. This paired joint enables jaw mobility and is both the most mobile and actively used joint in the human body.

Chewing quality, breathing, speech, swallowing, and yawning all depend on the normal functioning of the temporomandibular joint. Patients with TMJ dysfunction or TMJ arthritis face various problems, including sharp pain and restricted movement of the lower jaw. In fact, dysfunction is often accompanied by other dental diseases.

Anatomy of the Joint

The temporomandibular joint is palpable in front of the ear, just below the cheekbone. An important aspect of its function is its ability to fix the lower jaw during chewing movements. At this moment, the load can reach impressive values, especially when chewing solid food. This mechanics is determined by the fact that this joint does not have rigid joints that clearly fix the possible range of rotation, as in the other joints of our body. This allows for various movements in any direction, which is essential for the chewing process.

An important part of TMJ is the intra-articular disc of the TMJ. Covering the joint head, this cartilaginous shell serves for cushioning and protecting the bone surfaces of the jaw. The heads of the TMJ are stabilized by numerous intra-articular and extra-articular ligaments.

In the following sections of our article, we will discuss the diagnosis and treatment of jaw joint issues, as well as provide information on physical exercises and treatment methods available at the Implant Center in Minsk.

Causes of Jaw Pain

There are several reasons why temporomandibular joint (TMJ) issues may cause jaw pain:

• Loss of multiple teeth;
• Increased wear of the chewing surface relief of the teeth;
• Incorrect bite;
• Improper healing after jaw fracture;
• Wearing an ill-fitting dental prosthesis (including crowns);
• Disruption of joint ligaments;
• Dislocation or displacement of the TMJ.

This displacement can be accompanied by a high risk of developing inflammatory processes that can spread to adjacent anatomical structures, such as the inner ear, mastoid process of the temporal bone, Eustachian tubes, and nasopharynx. It is especially important to pay attention to ear infections in children, as they can lead to disturbances in the architecture of the joint and the entire jaw.

Pathological conditions of the chewing muscles:

• Constant unilateral chewing;
• Bruxism (nighttime teeth grinding);
• Habit of excessively clenching teeth;
• High speech load in lecturers, teachers, announcers, and actors.

TMJ Disorders Symptoms

• Clicking or popping sounds during chewing of varying intensity;
• Issues with opening or closing the mouth;
• Constant or periodic pain in the area near the ear and the base of the jaw;
• Pain when palpating the base of the jaw.

TMJ dysfunction can also be accompanied by other symptoms:

• Constant headaches;
• Dizziness;
• Pain in the neck or occipital region;
• Ringing in the ears;
• Hearing loss;
• Xerostomia (dry mouth);
• Burning sensation in the nose and throat;
• Glossalgia (painful sensations in the tongue);
• Toothaches in unaffected teeth;
• Photophobia;
• Snoring;
• Apnea (breathing cessation during sleep);
• Insomnia;
• Depression.

If TMJ dysfunction is suspected, it is essential to seek the expertise of a qualified gnathologist as soon as possible, who will conduct a comprehensive diagnosis and prescribe optimal treatment. This is especially crucial because TMJ pathology can be related to diseases seemingly unrelated to it.

Methods of TMJ Dysfunction Diagnosis

To establish an accurate diagnosis and determine the nature of problems with the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), a comprehensive examination of its structure and mechanics is required:

• Radiological diagnostic methods, including computed tomography, which provides detailed joint images and bone structure.
• Functional diagnostics using an Articulator – this method helps determine occlusion features (closure) and functional aspects of TMJ functioning.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (TMJ MRI) – used for a more detailed study of the structure of muscle and cartilage tissue and the detection of possible pathologies.
• Electromyography – helps determine muscle tone, including synergists (acting together) and antagonists (acting alternately).
• Condylography – a method of digitizing the functional work of the jaw joints.
• Gnathodynamometry – used to measure the compression of chewing muscles.
• Dopplerography – allows determining the arterial hemodynamics of TMJ.

Jaw and TMJ Dysfunction Treatment

After confirming the diagnosis of TMJ dysfunction, comprehensive treatment of the lower jaw and joint is prescribed, involving collaboration between specialists from various fields, such as orthopedic dentists, therapists, surgeons, orthodontists, and, if necessary, neurologists, osteopaths, and psychologists.

An essential part of jaw pain treatment is creating favorable conditions for the TMJ, including temporary restriction of mouth opening, transitioning to soft food, and reducing speech load. Medication therapy, physiotherapy, massage, and myogymnastics are used to relieve pain and discomfort.

Special attention is given to restoring the physiological balance in the oral cavity. Depending on the specific cause of dysfunction, the following measures may be taken:

• Dental sanitation;
• Bite correction;
• Rational prosthetics;
• Surgical treatment to restore full joint mobility;
• Bruxism treatment.

TMJ dysfunction requires careful and timely intervention, as untreated conditions can lead to a degenerative process, including ankylosis – the complete fusion of joint structures and immobility of the lower jaw.

TMJ Arthritis

Our specialists often encounter the need to treat temporomandibular joint arthritis. This is a degenerative disease in which the joint's cartilaginous tissue gradually deteriorates. This can lead to pain, limited jaw movement, joint clicking, and other unpleasant symptoms.

Conclusion

Qualified dentists at the Implant Center are ready to help you understand the symptoms, conduct a comprehensive diagnosis, and develop a personalized treatment program for jaw dysfunction, including TMJ disorders. Do not ignore this problem; consult our professionals for timely assistance.